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The Tonto Apache (''Dilzhę́’é'', also ''Dilzhe'e'', ''Dilzhe’eh'' Apache) is one of the groups of Western Apache people. The term is also used for their dialect, one of the three dialects of the Western Apache language (a Southern Athabaskan language). The Chiricahua living to the south called them ''Ben-et-dine'' or binii?e'dine' (“brainless people”, “people without minds”, i.e. "wild", "crazy", "Those who you don’t understand").〔(Etymology )〕 The neighboring Western Apache ethnonym for them was ''Koun'nde'' ("wild rough People"), from which the Spanish derived their use of ''Tonto'' ("loose", "foolish") for the group. The kindred but enemy Navajo to the north called both, the Tonto Apache and their allies, the Yavapai, ''Dilzhʼíʼ dinéʼiʼ'' - “People with high-pitched voices”). Grenville Goodwin in ''The Social Organization of the Western Apache'' (1942) divided the Tonto into two groups: the Northern Tonto and Southern Tonto. Many Western Apache reject such a classification. They prefer groupings based on bands and clans. The following Tonto Apache tribes are federally recognized: *Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation, Arizona〔 *Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation, Arizona〔("Tribal Governments by Area: Western." ) ''National Congress of American Indians.'' Retrieved 7 March 2012.〕 *Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona〔 Together with other groups of the Western Apache they form additional the federally recognized tribes: *White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona〔 *San Carlos Apache Tribe of the San Carlos Reservation, Arizona〔 ==Ethnonym== The name ''Dilzhę́’é'' is a Western Apache name that may mean 'people with high-pitched voices', but the etymology is unclear. The Dilzhe’e Apache refer to themselves (autonym) as ''Dilzhę́’é'', as do the San Carlos Apache. The Western Apache from Bylas use the word ''Dilzhę́’é'' to refer to both the San Carlos and Tonto Apache groups. The White Mountain Apache use the term ''Dilzhę́’é'' to refer to the Bylas, San Carlos, and Tonto Apache. The name ''Tonto'' is considered offensive by some, due to its etymology and meaning in Spanish, although that usage was derived from their learning the names by which neighboring groups referred to the Dilzhe’e. The name ''Tonto Apache'' has been widely used by most people outside the Western Apache communities. The term ''Tonto'' is encountered the more frequently in anthropology literature, especially older works, than ''Dilzhe’e''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tonto Apache」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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